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Ukrainian city Bila Tserkva, History



 
 
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Old March 23rd, 2009, 04:14 PM posted to rec.travel.misc
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Default Ukrainian city Bila Tserkva, History

The city Bila Tserkva (Belaya Tserkov in Russian) is a city (est.
200,000) in Kyiv oblast, situated in the Dnieper Upland on the Ros
River.The present name of the city, literally translated, is "White
Church" and may refer to the (not longer extant) white-painted
cathedral of medieval Yuriev.
It was built on the site of Yuriev, a town founded in 1032. In the
mid-16th century, when Bila Tserkva belonged to the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania, a fortified castle was built; under Polish rule it was an
important county town and in Cossack times the seat of the Bila
Tserkva regiment (1648-74, 1702-12). Was granted Magdeburg Rights in
1620 by Sigismund III Vasa. In 1651 Bohdan Khmelnytsky signed the
Treaty of Bila Tserkva with the Poles. In 1702 Bila Tserkva was the
center of an anti-Polish uprising led by Semen Palii. In 1793 it
became part of the Russian Empire. Its population was 17,200 in 1860
and 35,400 in 1897. Before 1914 the city was involved in food
production, artisanry, and trade, particularly in agricultural
products and sugar. Under the Central Rada the leaders of the Free
Cossacks were stationed in Bila Tserkva; in 1918 a detachment of Sich
Riflemen was formed here, and the uprising against Hetman Pavlo
Skoropadsky was initiated.
Under Soviet rule Bila Tserkva began to develop after the Second World
War--the population was 39,000 in 1926, 47,000 in 1939, 71,000 in 1959,
109,000 in 1970, and 146,000 in 1978. Today the city manufactures farm
machinery (the factory was established in 1850 and in 1957 began to
specialize in building machines for the production of feed for
livestock), electrical capacitors, tires, rubber-asbestos products,
shoes, clothing, furniture, and reinforced-concrete products.
The city has an institute of agriculture, which began as a
polytechnical institute in 1920. It had 4,000 students in 1968 and
publishes scientific papers. The city also has an ethnographic museum,
an oblast dramatic theater, the Saksahansky Theater, and Oleksandriia
Dendrological Park, which has an area of 2,000ha, it was founded in
1793-1799 by the wife of the Polish king Franciszek Ksawery Branicki.
Located between Skvyrsky road and the river Ros. Architect: D. Botani,
landscape artist : A. Stanhe. An example of a lanscaped park of the
18th-19th centuries. More than 600 species of exotic trees and shrubs
grow in the park.
The most famous churches and buildings a
- Preobrazhensky (Transfiguration) cathedral , 1833-39 , built in the
classical style.
- Saint Nicholas's Church (1706), 1706, completed in 1852, has unusual
asymmetrical structure.
- Saint Ioan Predtecha roman catholic church , 1812, situated on
Zamkova Gora, on the site of a cathedral of the city of Yuryev. A
classical roman catholic church with Corinthian porticos.
- ķarket stalls (1809-14), the covered market.
- The complex of postal buildings (1825-31).
- There are also Palladian wooden buildings of the Branickis' "Winter
Palace" and the district nobility assembly.
Have a good travel!
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